Intestinal bacteria that control blood glucose: No heat is required!

The article was conducted by Dr. Nguyen Khanh Hoa – Research Project Manager – Share99 Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology.

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Intestinal flora plays an important role in the absorption of nutrients and maintenance of metabolism, potentially affecting the development of metabolic disorders in humans such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this column of the journal Cell Metabolism, Krisko et al. (2020) demonstrates that the intestinal flora that balances glucose homeosymosis through glucose synthesis in the liver and does not pass through thermoethermic adiposis as previously announced.

1. Intestinal flora and associated with home glucose balance and energy metabolism

Intestinal flora and its connection to home glucose balance and energy metabolism according to the old conception (black arrow) and new (red arrow)

Intestinal flora and its connection to home glucose balance and energy metabolism according to the old conception (black arrow) and new (red arrow)

(A) The metabolism of microorganisms that control the development of glucose in the liver, is expressed by Krisko et al. (2020) in the Category CellUlar Transformation. (B and C) (B) the intestinal micronora actively supports heat-in-fat tissue (BAT) and (C) further penetration of beige fatty tissue, both of which contribute to energy conversion. (D) Beige fatty tissue is also seen in mice with a lack of bacteria, which may be associated with endosutic energy mobilization, as seen in vegetarian conditions. All mechanisms are capable of impacting the mouse's glucose home-balancing system.

Transformational disorders have become one of the most challenging burdens of our society, affecting quality of life and profoundly impacting the health care system. Therefore, the most important thing is that the scientific community continues to invest in great efforts to prevent and treat the disease of conversion. Basic understanding of metabolic mechanisms often begins with laboratory studies on mice before this knowledge is adapted to humanity. Complex cell interactions and molecular mechanisms allow the organism to maintain a balanced metabolism of the home environment influenced by genetics, age, and environmental factors. We do not seem to understand the role of different agencies in pathogenescies and the evolution of the disease of conversion, although it has been found that the intestinal flora significantly affects these processes. The intestinal micromora consists of a diverse community of microorganisms in our digestive system that interact with the metabolism of the host and thus increase the complexity of metabolism. In healthy people, the intestinal micro-ecosystem balances with the metabolic needs of the host. Environmental stress factors, such as changes in nutrition and ambient temperature, have a significant impact on the interaction between micronutrient and host metabolism, affecting body weight, regulating heat, and glucose home-to-home balance. On the contrary, the process of conversion disorders such as obesity, as well as the genetic system of the host, has a lot of influence on the composition of the intestinal micro flora.

2. The interaction between the intestinal flora and the host's transformation

Intestinal micronora

Intestinal flora

With such complexity, it is not surprising that the observations of scientists are often diverse, frequently contradictory as a result of the interaction between the intestinal micro flora and the transformation of the host. In experiments on laboratory mice, this difference may be due to differences in the Genetics of rat strains, hygiene status, differences in food and water supply and housing temperature: all contribute factors that influence the biological characteristics of the intestinal and host bacterial communities. It is likely that the researchers could not control all the interference factors, despite the desire of the scientific community to carry out standardized experiments and thus provide only part of the conclusion. Although this limitation can be difficult to compare results between different laboratories, scientists also look at these cases positively; it is an opportunity to explore the full variety of interactions and chemical effects. In this respect, we should not forget that humans, unlike laboratory mice, have significant genetic differences, do not live by standards, in sterile environments, but that their environmental conditions, lifestyle, exposure are constantly changing. But, how does the intestinal flora communicate with distant agencies? How does this link lead to non-obesity and no type 2 diabetes? To date, the details of this contact are confusing. An important method for investigating the effects of conversion is to deplete the intestinal flora by using antibiotic mixtures, or maintaining mice in pathogen-free environments, or culture bacterial flora between mice.

Using these methods, the researchers argue that the intestinal flora acts on thermoethermic fat tissue (brown fat) and energy metabolism, thus indirectly controlling the balance of home glucose through increased glucose burning. These hypotheses remain contradictory, as some studies imply a positive effect of intestinal microbial flora on brown and beige fatty tissue to increase heat generation and use energy when cold while others see the appearance of beige fatty tissue when mice are deprived of gut bacteria. All these studies, to date, have suggested that the effect of gut bacteria is on thermoethermic adipidic tissue to balance homeos noial glucose.

brown fat cells

intestinal flora can act on heat-giving brown fat

In this study, Krisko and his associates (2020) identified the relationship between intestinal flora, heat generation, and homeosymmic glucose balance (Figure 1) by eliminating the need to increase energy metabolism and thermoethermic adipidation and instead demonstrate that the gut flora reconciles glucose homeosymosis through hepatic glucose synthesis. As a result, the authors did not neglect the dilation of the large intestine and intestinal elongation in two models of depleted rats of microorganisms, through antibiotic mediasis and non-reproduction mice. In detailed analysis, they appreciate the fact that, for the first time, an additional volume of water to the feces disrupts the result of energy use, therefore it is advisable to rely only on the total weight of the active body. Eliminating the mass difference, either from calculation or experimentation by cutting out, eliminates differences in energy use, focusing on the question of whether the intestinal flora affects energy use.

In combination with energy-using thermal production data, Krisko and colleagues did not observe changes in adipid tissue. The difference with previous observations in tissue fat is still confusing. But is it possible to decrypt data for a unified explanation? Deterioration of the intestinal flora is capable of bringing mice to different states of energy deprivation, depending on their condition. If microorganisms that power the host are not cold enough, mice without microorganisms may appear fatty tissue that inhibits heat production, and when grafting bacteria adapted to cold conditions can support additional heat-producing capacity through beige fatty tissue. However, beige fatty tissue is also seen in response to micro-depletion. Here, brown fat can be mainly combined with endosuction mechanisms that enhance fat mobilization rather than increasing energy use (Figure 1). In other experiments in mice, the effects of micro-deterioration may not even require the attendance of beige fatty tissue. Differences in results in one laboratory to another in some way can be attributed to differences in mouse base standards and rat strains. Importantly, observed reductions in the blood glucose levels of mice with impaired intestinal micro flora were published by Krisko et al. (2020) in line with previous findings of others related to insulin sensitivity changes and heat-producing activity.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the control of blood glucose can act independently of the energy consumption of thermoethermic fatty tissue, shifting the focus to other bodies. The authors in this report recently found that the micronation regulates glucose synthesis in the liver to maintain blood glucose levels. Furthermore, Krisko and colleagues using identified metabolisms that enhance biomedification by performing a comprehensive metabolism analysis provided an important discovery of the origin of microorganisms with molecular bioactiveness. Additional studies will be needed to establish a cause-and-effect relationship, which may be related to selective micro-system transfer or genetic manipulation of the transported liver. In general, the announcement of Krisko and his associates (2020) brings new models with the importance of the metabolic field: first, the evaluation of the volume of inert substances in the intestinal tract to accurately determine the metabolic rate, and secondly, the intestinal micro-axis- liver axis in glucose biomass control , promoting further discoveries of the molecular mechanisms that reside in the liver to shed light on the path of shifting observations into clinical intervention strategies.

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About: John Smith

b1ffdb54307529964874ff53a5c5de33?s=90&r=gI am the author of Share99.net. I had been working in Vinmec International General Hospital for over 10 years. I dedicate my passion on every post in this site.

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