Why do all pregnant women need to be tested for HIV?

The article was consulted professionally by Dr. Trinh Thi Thanh Huyen – Obstetrician and Gynecologist – Obstetrics and Gynecology Department – Share99 Hai Phong International Health Hub

If a pregnant woman has HIV, the likelihood of transmiting the virus to the fetus is very high. However, if a pregnant woman is infected with HIV if found to be given medication and take other steps that could significantly reduce the risk of transmission of HIV to the fetus.

1. What is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)?

HIV is a virus that attacks the cells of the immune system and causes human immunity depletion syndrome. AIDS is acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which is the final stage of HIV infection.

HIV is transmitted by sexual, blood and mother-to-child transmission (during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding). The majority of children infected with HIV are transmitted by hiv-infected pregnant mothers to babies before and after birth. If a pregnant mother has HIV without any backup intervention, the risk of mother-to-child transmission will account for about 25-40% in developing countries and about 16-20% in Europe and North America.

2. How is HIV transmitted from mother to child?

There are many risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of HIV. In particular, the most important risk factor affecting mother-to-child transmission of HIV is the viral load in the mother's blood. High HIV loads can be caused by two main reasons: because the new mother has HIV or because the hive-infected mother is in an advanced stage/ AIDS.

The amount of HIV in the blood of pregnant womenis proportional to the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in both ARV-treated women and in women without ARV treatment.

The heavier the clinical stage of AIDS for pregnant women, the higher the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Pregnant women who are newly infected with HIV have a high rate of mother-to-child transmission because of the high serum HIV load. Pregnant women living with HIV with sexually transmitted infections are at increased risk of mother-to-child transmission because of increased hives in birth line outbreaks and birth line lesions. Drug use, smoking, unsafe sex with multiple sexual intercourse during pregnancy are associated with increased rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

tai-sao-tat-ca-nu-pregnant-can-duoc-xet-nghiem-hiv

A pregnant woman with HIV is highly likely to transmit the virus to the fetus

Premature babies are at higher risk of HIV infection from their mothers than full-month babies. The risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV increases in proportion to the length of the period from amniotic rupture to childbirth. This risk increases by about 2% per hour after amniotic rupture. Interventions such as fetal monitoring, placing electrod electrolyses in the fetal scalp,cutting the amenity, placing hormones can all increase fetal exposure to HIV in the blood, mage vaginal translation and increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Infant-related factors such as immature immune systems, especially premature babies, can increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Babies with gastrointestinal damage that breastfeeding are at higher risk than other children.

Breastfeeding increases the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This rate is highest in those who both breastfeed and feed their babies with alternative food, then to those who breastfeed completely.

3. Mechanism of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is carried out over 3 periods: intra-uterus transmission and during pregnancy, during labor and transmission after birth and through breast milk.

Transmission of HIV in the uterus and during pregnancy can occur throughout the first 3 months until full month of pregnancy due to HIV being transmitted directly from mother to pregnancy via vegetable cake.

Contractions of the uterus during labor can damage small blood vessels and cause bleeding into the vagina. Bleeding increases the amount of HIV in the vagina leading to an increased risk of HIV infection of the fetus when passing through the mother's vagina. If the calving has interventions such as aortic cirlituosis, laying of the skin or suction, the large tissues and blood vessels can be damaged, the blood flowing much increases the likelihood of HIV infection for the pregnancy. When crossing the vagina to get out, the pregnancy can swallow HIV-containing vaginal translation into the gastrointestinal line.

If the mother is HIV positive,if there are conditions, it is recommended to feed the baby with a completely alternative food to the source of transmission because HIV from breast milk can penetrate the gastrointestinal mucosa of the baby or the mother's breast can build scratches that infect the breastfeeding directly.

4. Why do you have to get tested for HIV for pregnant women?

tai-sao-tat-ca-nu-pregnant-can-duoc-xet-nghiem-hiv-2

HIV testing for all pregnant women is one of the interventions of the mother-to-child HIV infection prevention program

HIV testing for all pregnant women is one of the interventions of the mother-to-child HIV infection prevention program. Currently, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains mainly focused on pregnant women and women who already have HIV. In order for the mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention program to be effective, the diagnosis of HIV status for all pregnant women needs to be focused. Early detection of HIV infection in pregnant women will have the same effect as:

  • Help pregnant women living with HIV decide for themselves the issues of childbirth, on the implementation of preventive measures to transmit HIV from mother to child.
  • Help pregnant women who are not yet HIV know about HIV, about HIV testing during pregnancy, about prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV …
  • Helping pregnant women perform safe behaviors to reduce the risk of transmiting HIV to themselves and to their children…

Supporting pregnant women with HIV emotionally and psychologically in such aspects as:

  • Identify and express feelings and support, help pregnant women stabilize mentally, build internal forces to overcome all crises
  • Access to service facilities when in need, especially in health
  • Overcome the stigma and alienation of the community
  • Self-determination and confidence in life…

In addition, early detection of HIV infection in pregnant women to apply preventive interventions for mother-to-child transmission includes: prevention with ARV drugs, use of milk as a substitute for children and introduction of post-birth care and treatment services. Pregnant women living with HIV should be consulted with HIV/AIDS care and treatment facilities to consider ARV treatment or mother-to-child transmission prevention.

Share99 International Health Hub provides a Package of Examination and Screening for social diseases so that customers can detect diseases early and have an effective treatment direction, preventing dangerous complications. The social disease screening package at Share99 is open to all ages, both men and women.

For direct advice, please click hotline number or register online HERE. In addition, you can register for remote consultation HERE

Source reference: acog.org

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SEE MORE:

  • 3 possible times of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
  • Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
  • Precautions for mother-to-child transmission of HIV

About: John Smith

b1ffdb54307529964874ff53a5c5de33?s=90&r=gI am the author of Share99.net. I had been working in Vinmec International General Hospital for over 10 years. I dedicate my passion on every post in this site.

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