Candidiasis in the lungs: Diagnosis and treatment

Article written by micro-doctors – Laboratory Department – Share99 Central Park International Health Hub

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Candidiasis albicans are yeasts that often cause infection on many parts of the human body, including the lungs. Accordingly, Candidiasis causes many dangerous complications for the lungs, so patients need to be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.

1. What is candida albican?

Candidiasis albicans are the most commonly infecting yeasts in the candidiasis family These are very common fungi, living everywhere, on the human body candidiasis usually appears in the skin, mouth area, gastrointestinal tract and genital area. Usually, candidiasis will live in balance with other microorganisms on the body without harm, there are about 15% to 30% of healer carrying Candida in the throat and 15% in the bronchi. However, when faced with favorable conditions, candidiasis will have the opportunity to thrive and cause disease in many other parts of the body.

Candidiasis vamatitis

Pathogenic candidiasis in many parts of the body

2. Why does candidiasis get into the lungs?

Isolation of Candida species from the respiratory tract is common in patients who are in the ICU and are intularly placed or have chronic open-ended surgery. This almost always reflects the encroachment of the airways and is not infected. Candidiasis pneumonia and pulmonary anesthology are rare, in rare cases after pharyngeal resuscitation with acute pneumonia or an anesthology has been noted.

Candidiasis pneumonia is generally limited to patients with severe immunosmmunity, who become infected after spreading from blood to lungs. CHEST CT scans often show multiple pulmonary nodules.

Candidiasis albicans: Candida albicans is one of the most pathogenic candidiasis species in humans when the body is immuno-weakened due to prolonged causes or antibiotic tolerances. Fungal pneumonia accounts for a small part of pneumonia, and Candida is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections, accounting for 70-90%. Fungi can reside in the body without causing disease or can cause real disease, especially on immuno-weakened bodies.

Bronchial fungus: Common in young children due to fungi in the throat, mouth inhaled down the bronchi.

3. Clinical symptoms of candidiasis

The clinical symptoms after candidiasis are as follows:

  • Fever, cough (usually not phlegmatic)
  • Pleural chest pain or feeling uncomfortable
  • Progressive shortness of breath leads to respiratory failure
  • Symptoms of obstructive respiratory tract of the mediassion pinched in epidemiological fungal diseases.
  • Pulmonary freezing – Pleural brush.

Pulmonary localized fungus: May be local or pervasive, acute, sub-acute or chronic disease: Clinical of acute pneumonia-like body, high fever of 39 degrees Celsius, coughing each bout, sputum with gray, yellow particles, sticking together into lumps, patients often cough up blood and may have respiratory failure.

Pulmonary X-ray images: Images of pneumonia-like infiltration, be it one side of the lungs (locally) or on both sides of the lungs resembling bronchial – bronchitis images

Bronchial fungus: Common in young children due to fungi in the throat, mouth inhaled down the bronchi. Clinical manifestations are patients with chest pain, sputum and blood, sometimes shortness of breath such as bronchial asthma due to allergy to fungi. Bronchoscopy sees scattered white patches, false membranes, red-inflamed bronchial mucosa.

Bronchitis

Candidiasis can grow in the bronchi

4. What is the diagnosis of Candida fungal infections?

4.1 Blood formula

  • Leukocycyy (BC): may increase in healthy people with epidemiological fungal infections
  • Eosinophilia: may increase, achieving a higher chance of fungal infection with Candida or Aspergillus

4.2. Gram-stained Soi

  • The product needs proper transportation, treatment and transplantation. Detection of mycelium or yeast.

4.3. Culture-isolation – identifying Candida species

From respiratory samples in a patient with severe immunosuppressive, isolated organisms from bronchial rinsing (BAL) and respiratory samples. Blood cultures identify the strain of Candida species/ B dermatitidis when patients with fungal infections spread.

4.4. Definitive diagnosis (sure)

Based on hism hism hism hism hismation of invasive diseases. Therefore, bronchoscopy, trans-bronchial biopcopy is a method of diagnostic value. Bronchoscopy: Gram-dyed PQPN rinsing, fungal implants and trans-bronchial biopsy

4.5. Pulmonary xquang

4.6. Bronchoscopy

5. Treatment of Candida infection in the lungs

Candidiasis is a yeast infection caused by candidiasis, largely caused by candidiasis albicans.

5.1. Treatment when isolating Candida species from the respiratory tract

Recommendations

The development of Candida from respiratory secreties is often overs developing and rarely requires antifungal therapy (strong recommendations; medium-quality evidence).

Summary of evidence

Although the diagnosis of Candida pneumonia is supported by the isolation of the organism from bronchial rinsing disease (BAL), a diagnosis certainly requires histototy evidence of invasive disease.

Many prospects and autopsy research have always demonstrated the poorly predicted value of Candida's development from respiratory secreties, including BAL.

In a pre-life study, none of the 77 patients died in an ICU and there was clinical and radiopharoxic evidence of pneumonia and candidiasis-positive cultures from BAL or phlegm that proved evidence of Candida pneumonia during an autopsy. Because of the rarity of Candida pneumonia, the extremely common detection of Candida in respiratory secretion and the lack of specificity of this discovery, the decision to start treatment with antifungal drugs should not be made on the basis of mere respiratory culture results.

Recent observations show that airway invasion with Candida species is associated with bacterial growth and pneumonia. Air-invasive candidiasis was also associated with worse clinical results and higher mortality in these studies. However, it is not clear if the isolation of airway Candida has a cause-and-effect relationship with poorer results or is simply a sign of the severity of the disease.

Pulmonary xquang

X-ray helps diagnose Candidiasis in the lungs

5.2. Treatment for oropharyngeal candidiasis?

Recommendations

For mild disease: clotrimazole, 10 mg of lozenges 5 times daily, OR miconazole tablets of 50 mg applied to the mucous surface on the canines once a day for 7-14 days, are recommended (strong recommendations; high-quality evidence).

Alternatives to mild disease include nystatin suspension (100 000 U/ mL) 4 -6 mL/ 4 times daily, OR 1-2 nystatin tubes (200 000 U at a time) 4 times daily, for 7-14 days (strong recommendation;medium quality evidence).

For medium to severe diseases, oral fluconazole, 100-200 mg daily, for 7-14 days is recommended (strong recommendations; high-quality evidence).

For fluconazole intolerance pathology, itraconazole solution, 200 mg/ day or posaconazole solution, 400 mg twice daily for 3 days then 400 mg/ day, for up to 28 days, recommended (strong recommendation; medium quality evidence).

Alternatives to fluconazole intolerance include voriconazole, 200 mg x 2 times daily, OR Oral mixed deoxycholate AmB, 100 mg/ mL 4 times daily (strong recommendation; moderate quality evidence).

Intravenous echinocandin (caspofungin: initial dose 70 mg, then 50 mg/ day; micafungin: 100 mg/ day; or anidulafungin: initial dose 200 mg, then 100 mg/ day) OR AmB deoxycholate intravenously, 0.3 mg/ kg/ day, as an alternative to intolerance pathology (weak recommendation; moderate quality evidence).

Treatment of chronic inhibition is often not necessary. If necessary for patients with recurrent infections, fluconazole, 100 mg three times a week, is recommended (strong recommendation; high evidence).

For HIV-infected patients, antiviral therapy is strongly recommended to reduce the incidence of recurrence of infection (strong recommendations; high-quality evidence).

For Candida fungal infections associated with dentures, denture disinfection, in addition to antifungal therapy, is recommended (strong recommendations; moderate quality evidence).

Summary of evidence

Pharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis occurs in combination with HIV infection, diabetes, leukemia and other malignant tumors, steroid use, radiotherapy, antibacterial therapy and the use of dentures, and their appearance is recognized as an index of immune dysfunction. In HIV-infected patients, Oropharyngeal Candidiasis is often observed in patients with CD4 <200 tế bào/ mL. The introduction of effective antiviral therapy has led to a serious decrease in the incidence of oropharyngeal Candida infections and a marked decrease in cases of refractive error.

Fluconazole or multiazole resistance is mainly a consequence of long-term and repeated exposure to fluconazole or other azoles. Especially in patients with progressive immunosuppressive and low CD4 populations, resistance to C. albicans has been described, as well as the gradual appearance of non-albicans Candida species, especially C. glabrata, as a cause of inlerance to the mucosal Candida fungus.

Most cases of pharyngeal candidiasis are caused by C. albicans, either alone or mixed infections. Symptomatic infections caused by C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis and C. krusei alone have been described.

Numerous randomized pre-life studies of oropharyngeal Candidiasis have been carried out in relation to AIDS patients and cancer patients. The majority of patients will respond initially to top-site treatment. In HIV-infected patients, symptoms relapse earlier and more often with top-based treatment with fluconazole. In a multi-centered randomized study in HIV-infected people, 50 mg of miconazole mucus applied once daily to the surface of the mucosa under the tongue was equally effective than 10 mg clotrimazole troches used 5 times daily. Fluconazole and itraconazole solution outperform ketoconazole and itraconazole capsules.

Posaconazole solution is as effective as fluconazole in AIDS patients. Posaconazole, a tablet that slowly releases 100 mg, 300 mg at a single dose, is fda-approved for the treatment of fungal infection prevention in high-risk patients. The pills provide stable bio-availability (about 55%), disposable per day and less convenient than strict food requirements for absorption. This formula is not yet

fully evaluated for mucosal candidiasis, but with further research, it is possible to replace oral solution for this purpose.

Recurrent infections usually occur in patients with prolonged immunosuppressive, especially those with AIDS and a low CD4 cell population (<50 tế bào/ μL). Long-term treatment with antisuppressants with fluconazole has been proven to be effective in the prevention of pharyngeal Candida fungal infections. In a large multi-centered study on HIV-infected patients, long-term inhibitory treatment with fluconazole was compared with the use of fluconazole periodically in response to epidemic symptoms.

Continuous inhibitory treatment reduces relapse more effectively than non-continuous treatment, but is associated with increased in-in-viral resistance. The frequency of disease recurrence is the same for both groups.

AmB oral deoxycholate, nystatin solution and itraconazole capsules are less effective than fluconazole in preventing pharyngeal candidiasis. Fluconazole intolerance infection should be initially treated with a solution of itraconazole; between 64% and 80% of patients will respond to this therapy. Posaconazole suspension is effective in about 75% of patients with recurrent pharyngeal or esophageal Candida disease, and voriconazole is also effective for fluconazole intolerance infections. Intravenous caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin have shown effective alternatives to azole intolerances

Top-site or intravenous amB deoxycholate is also effective in some patients; however, the pharmacist must prepare according to the drink formula. Increased immunity to granular leukocyte, grandphal or interferon stimulating factors, which are sometimes used in the administration of oral candidiasis and drug intolerance esophagus.

Reduce the incidence of candidiasis in the mouth and reduce the frequency of symptomatic pharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients with effective antiviral drugs. Therefore, antiviral therapy should be used whenever possible for HIV-infected patients with pharyngeal or esophageal Candida infection.

Share99 International Health Hub is the address for examination, prevention and treatment of many respiratory diseases, including pneumonia. With a team of good doctors, expertise and modern equipment system, the perfect medical service will provide a process of examination, treatment and minimize complications caused by pneumonia.

Customers can directly go to Share99 Health System nationwide for examination or contact the hotline here for assistance.

SEE MORE:

  • Common fungal diseases
  • Is fungal infection serious?
  • Who can get fungal infections?

About: John Smith

b1ffdb54307529964874ff53a5c5de33?s=90&r=gI am the author of Share99.net. I had been working in Vinmec International General Hospital for over 10 years. I dedicate my passion on every post in this site.

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