The link between gestational diabetes and amniotic residue

The article was consulted professionally by Specialist Doctor II Pham Thi Xuan Minh, Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Share99 Hai Phong International Health Hub.

If the blood sugar level of the maternity is high, the fetus will receive nutrition from the mother will also suffer from hypertension, which leads to an increase in the fetal urine volume and an excess of amniotic fluid.

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a syndrome associated with sugar metabolism disorders in the body, which leads to an increase in blood sugar levels. The cause of diabetes mellitus is that the pancreas does not produce or produce insufficient insulin, or due to increased insulin resistance, leading to a decrease in the biological effect of insulin on target cells. Currently, diabetes mellitus increases rapidly, mainly due to sedentning lifestyle and consuming a lot of energy-rich foods such as starch, sugar, fat.

Gestational diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes is the most common medical condition during pregnancy. The disease is usually caused by an endcormonal change of the mother's body during pregnancy that leads to an increase in resistance to insulin, making it impossible for the mother's body to regulate blood sugar levels on its own. In particular, women with a family history of diabetes have a high risk of this disease.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is detected around the 20th week of pregnancy. At this time, the process and activity involved in the production of insulin are both affected by the birth hormones. This is also why screening for gestational diabetes is required for pregnant women, whether they have a history of the disease or not. It is common for the disease to appear between the 24th-28th week of pregnancy, although symptoms may appear several weeks before or after this period. Symptoms of gestational diabetes mellitus: many women may not know they have diabetes until they are tested for urine and sugar. Many cases have symptoms similar to:

• Often feeling thirsty, drinking a lot of water is still thirsty
• Constant urination, the need to urinate more times than the need for urination of other women
• The closed area is infected with fungi and cannot be cleaned with common anti-bacterial solution.
• Wounds, scratches or pains are difficult to heal.
• Weight loss and fatigue lead to lack of energy and exhaustion.

Amniotic fluid is produced from three sources: the amniotic membrane, the mother's blood, and the fetus.

• Derived from amniotic membrane:The amniotic membrane that covers each other's umbilical cord also secretes amniotic fluid
• Origin of mage blood: There is an exchange through the amniotic membrane of substances between the amniotic fluid and the mother's blood.
• Fetal origin:In the early stages of pregnancy, the fetal skin is associated with the formation of amniotic fluid, and when the substance appears from the 20th to the 28th week of pregnancy, this amniotic fluid line will cease. Starting from the 20th week, amniotic fluid is derived from gas – bronchi – bronchi, due to the fetal plasma penetrating through the respiratory mucosa of the baby. However, the most important source of amniotic fluid formation is the urinary tract, the baby excretes urine into the amniotic chamber from the 16th week of pregnancy.

The most important source of amniotic fluid is the fact that the baby's urine urinates into the amniotic chamber. Fluid enters and exits the baby's lungs and stomach in a closed and continuous regeneration cycle. After the liquid enters and passes through the gastrointestinal tract due to the reabsorption of amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid will be excreted by the kidneys, then continue recycling and repeating the cycle. According to this mechanism, the amount of amniotic fluid that will always be maintained will not cause too much or too little during the mother's pregnancy. However, in the event that the amount of amniotic fluid is high and cannot be self-regulating, it will cause an amniotic residue.

One of the symptoms of gestational diabetes is frequent thirst and high urination, drinking plenty of water but still feeling thirsty. Because when blood sugar levels rise, our body automatically separates the water in the cells and pumps it directly into the bloodstream to dilute the excess sugar. At this time, the cells are deprived of water will stimulate the center to cause thirst causing thirst not only rest. Excess sugar in the body, the kidneys will be more active to eliminate excess sugar along with drinking more water leading to more urination.

If the woman has gestational diabetes,the blood sugar level will increase. The fetus receiving nutrients from the mother will also suffer from hypothmemia. Therefore, the fetus symptoms of constant thirst and a lot of urination. Which one of the most important sources of amniotic fluid is due to the urinary tract, starting from the 16th week the baby will begin to excrete amniotic fluid into the amniotic chamber. When the mother has diabetes, the mother's blood sugar levels will not be well controlled. Therefore, the fetus will likely give birth to more urine than usual, the amount of urine will increase leading to an amniotic residue.

The cause of multiple amniotic conditions is detected in 10% of women with gestational diabetes, especially in the third quarter of pregnancy. For early detection as well as treatment and prevention of complications caused by gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnant mothers need to go to the doctor periodically, each visit should do blood and urine tests. When there are symptoms above or abnormal signs, it is necessary to go to medical facilities immediately to be detected early.

Share99 International Health Hub offers a full maternity care program for women from the very beginning of pregnancy from the first months with a full range of pregnancy examinations, 3D ultrasounds, 4D routines and routine tests to ensure the mother is always healthy and the fetus develops comprehensively.

Obstetrics and Gynecology will be consulted and checked under the close supervision of experienced and professional obstetrician, helping mothers have more knowledge to protect their health during pregnancy as well as minimize complications affecting mothers and children.