CDC (U.S.) Recommendations for Immunization of Children and Adolescents Under 18

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) makes recommendations on immunization schedules under the age of 18 for children, including determining the type of vaccine needed based on age and the appropriate time period for additional vaccination if missed, as well as some notes for special conditions.

1. Diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (DTaP) vaccine

5 doses of DTaP vaccination at the age of 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, about 15-18 months, and 4-6 years.

If the 4th dose is injected when the child is 4 years of age or older, it is not necessary to repeat the 5th dose.

The benefit of DTaP vaccination is to reduce the risk of 3 diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus that are very common in young children.

2. Haemophilus influenzae vaccine type b (HIB)

The schedule of vaccinations will vary from brand to brand, namely:

  • ActHIB, Hiberix or Pentacel: 4 doses are given at 2 months of age, 4 months, 6 months, and the last dose is 12-15 months of age;
  • PedvaxHIB: Only 3 doses should be given when the child is 2 months old, 4 months old, and the last dose is 12 -15 months old.

If your child has missed the HIB vaccination schedule at the recommended age, additional vaccinations may be given with the following notes:

  • First dose at 7 – 11 months of age: Continue to inject the 2nd dose after at least 4 weeks. The 3rd dose (the last dose) should be injected between 12-15 months of age or 8 weeks after the 2nd dose (whichever is later);
  • First dose at 12 – 14 months of age: Continue to inject the 2nd dose (last dose) at least 8 weeks after the 1st dose;
  • First dose before 12 months of age and 2nd dose before 15 months of age: Continue to inject the 3rd dose (last dose) 8 weeks after the 2nd dose;
  • 2 doses of PedvaxHIB vaccine before 12 months of age: Continue to inject the 3rd dose (last dose) when the child is 12-59 months old and must be at least 8 weeks after the second dose;
  • Children aged 15-59 months are still unscinated: Only 1 dose is given.

3. Hepatitis A Vaccine (HepA)

Full 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine before the child is 2 years old, which can begin as early as 12 months of age. The distance between 2 doses is at least 6 months apart (for the Havrix brand is from 6 – 12 months; vaqta brand is from 6 – 18 months).

However, if your child has missed the recommended vaccination schedule, anyone 2 years of age or older can get the HepA vaccine if they wish. The minimum distance between doses is still 6 months.

In addition, adolescents 18 years of age and older can also be vaccinated against hepA and HepB vaccines in combination (Twinrix brand) under one of the following two forms:

  • 3 doses of injection, the interval between the doses is 1 month and 6 months, for each other;
  • Inject 4 doses, the distance between the doses is 7 days, from 21-30 days, and finally 12 months.

4. Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB)

It is necessary to vaccinate 3 doses of HepB from birth, then from 1 – 2 months of age, and finally 6-18 months of age. Note:

  • If the fetus is not vaccinated against hepatitis B as soon as it is born, the first dose must be given as soon as possible;
  • The first dose for babies will also be based on a positive/negative/unknown condition with the mother's HBsAg antibodies;
  • The final dose (3rd) must be injected before the child is at least 24 weeks.

The minimum distance between specific doses is:

  • From the first dose to the 2nd dose: 4 weeks;
  • From the 2nd to the 3rd dose: 8 weeks;
  • From the first dose to the 3rd dose: 16 weeks.

Note that in the vaccination program under 18years of age, adolescents aged 11-15 years only need to get 2 doses of HepB vaccine with a distance between doses of at least 4 months (adult brand Recombivax HB).

5. HPV Vaccine

HPV vaccination

Periodic HPV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents aged 11-12 years

Periodic HPV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents aged 11-12 years (which can start as early as age 9) and older than 18 years if not fully vaccinated.

A full 2 or 3 doses of HPV vaccine should be given depending on the age at which vaccination begins as follows:

  • Start the injection at the age of 9 – 14 years: 2 doses are given, the distance between the doses is 6-12 months (minimum is 5 months);
  • Start the injection at 15 years of age or more: 3 doses, the distance between the doses is 1 – 2 months and 6 months (minimum 3 -5 months).

If you complete the HPV vaccination schedule correctly with any brand, no additional doses will be required.

Some special notes:

  • For immuno-impaired people, including HIVinfection: Inject all 3 doses as above;
  • Children who have experienced abuse or sexual assault: HPV vaccination should be started at age 9;
  • Pregnancy: HPV vaccination should not be given during pregnancy; however, it is also not necessary to intervene if this vaccination is accidental during pregnancy and it is also not necessary to try the pregnancy when vaccinating.

6. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

The schedule of periodical vaccination of inactivated polio vaccine is 4 doses when the child is at least 2 months old, 4 months old, about 6-18 months old, and finally from 4-6 years old. The 4th dose should be given when the child is 4 years of age or older and after the previous dose at least 6 months.

If a combination vaccine containing IPV is used, the child may be given more than 4 doses and before the age of 4. However, it is still recommended to inject another dose when the child is 4 years or older and after the previous dose at least 6 months.

During the first 6 months of life, if you have to go to a polio circulation area or during an outbreak, parents should consult their doctor about getting vaccinated.

In general, IPV vaccines are only available in vaccination programs under the age of 18, not recommended for people 18 years and older.

7. Influenza vaccine

Children 6 months and older should be vaccinated with 1 dose of influenza vaccine annually. Choosing the right vaccine will be based on the age and health status of the child.

For children aged 6 months – 8 years who have not been given a minimum of 2 doses of influenza vaccine, an additional 2 doses should be given and at least 4 weeks apart.

Special notes:

  • Children are allergic to eggs and rashes: Because influenza vaccines contain a small amount of chicken egg protein, when vaccinating children allergic to eggs, it is recommended to choose which seasonal influenza vaccine is suitable for age and health status;
  • Allergy to severe eggs, causing anal edema, respiratory failure: When vaccinating for influenza annually, it is necessary to have the supervision of a doctor to promptly recognize and control serious allergies.

guidance on caring for children with influenza

Children 6 months and older should be vaccinated with 1 dose of influenza vaccine annually

8. Measles, Mums and rubella (MMR) vaccines

Periodically vaccinate 2 doses of MMR vaccine, the first when the child is 12-15 months, the second dose at the age of 4-6 years. The second dose is given as early as 4 weeks after the 1st dose.

If children and adolescents have not been vaccinated against mmr vaccination according to the recommended schedule, 2 doses can be added at least 4 weeks apart. The maximum age for measles, mums and rubella vaccine is 12 years.

9. Meningocococular vaccine (group A, C, W, Y)

Periodically vaccinate 2 doses of meningocular vaccine, the first for children from 11 – 12 years old, the second for 16-year-olds. Some of the most common brands today include MenACWY-CRM, Menveo, MenACWY-D, and Menactra.

If you have missed vaccinations under the age of 18,your child may be vaccinated as follows:

  • From 13 – 15 years of age: Immediately inject the first dose and strengthen the second dose between 16 – 18 years of age (the minimum distance between 2 doses is 8 weeks);
  • From 16 – 18 years old: Only 1 dose of meningocococular vaccine is given.

10. Meningocococular vaccine (group B)

Clinical in dinhning:

  • For adolescents who are not at increased risk for group B meningocular disease between the ages of 16 and 23 (most commonly 16-18 years old), the MenB vaccine will be based on the individual needs and clinically prescribed by the doctor;
  • Bexsero brand: 2 doses at least 1 month apart;
  • Trumenba brand: Inject 2 doses at least 6 months apart. If 2 doses are given earlier than 6 months, a third dose should be given at least 4 months after the 2nd dose.

In particular, for people who have had their spleenfunction cut or impaired , (including sickle cell disease), prolonged nutritional deficiency or are using eculizumab:

  • Bexsero brand: 2 doses at least 1 month apart;
  • Trumenba brand: Full injection of 3 doses, the distance between the doses is 1 – 2 months and 6 months, after all.

Note, Bexsero and Trumenba are non-substitutes for each other, taking only the same product for all doses during vaccination.

11. Pneumococcal Vaccine

Periodically inject 4 doses of PCV13 vaccine when the child is 2 months old, 4 months old, 6 months old and finally 12-15 months old.

If you have missed the PCV13 vaccination schedule as recommended, an additional dose of PCV13 may be given to children aged 24-59 months and who are healthy.

12. Rotavirus vaccine

The schedule for periodical vaccination of Rotavirus vaccines is based on the following brand:

  • Rotarix: Inject 2 doses when the child is 2 months old and 4 months old;
  • RotaTeq: Inject 3 doses when the child is 2 months old, 4 months old and finally 6 months old.

In the event that there has been 1 injection using RotaTeq or unsulared, the default is a full 3 dose injection.

Note, Rotavirus vaccination should not be started when the child is at least 15 weeks old. The maximum age for the final dose injection is 8-month-old children.

13. Tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough (Tdap) vaccines

Periodically vaccinate against 3 common tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough as follows:

  • Adolescents 11 – 12 years old: 1 dose of Tdap vaccine;
  • Pregnancy: 1 dose of Tdap vaccine per pregnancy, at best around 27-36 weeks of pregnancy;
  • Tdap can be injected at any time from individual doses of vaccine containing the final tetanus or diphtheria prevention component.

If the child has not followed the recommended vaccination schedule, additional vaccinations can be added as follows:

  • Teenagers aged 13-18 years who have not been vaccinated: Immediately get 1 dose of Tdap vaccine, then every 10 years Td booster injection;
  • Adolescent children from 7 to 18 years old are not fully vaccinated with DTaP: Immediately 1 dose of Tdap vaccine if additional doses can be used Td;
  • Children from 7 to 10 accidentally pre-vaccinate Tdap: Continue to inject 1 dose of Tdap as recommended at the age of 11 – 12 years.

14. Chickenpox vaccine

Periodically vaccinate 2 doses of chickenpoxvaccine, nose when the child is 12-15 months old and the second when the child is 4-6 years old. The second dose can be taken after the first dose as early as 3 months.

For adolescent children aged 7-18 years without immunity, 2 additional doses must be given as follows:

  • From 7 – 12 years: The distance between 2 doses is usually 3 months (minimum is 4 weeks);
  • 13 years and older: The distance between 2 doses is usually 4-8 weeks (minimum 4 weeks)
  • The maximum age for using a combined chickenpox vaccine is 12 years.

There are many benefits of vaccination, the most prominent of which is to help the body produce antigens against dangerous diseases, reducing the risk of complications and mortality, thereby protecting health and helping children develop comprehensively both physically and mentally. Parents should have their children fully compliant and on the recommended immunization schedule under the age of 18, which not only protects an individual individual but also the community, reducing the cost of long-term medical care in life.

At Share99 International Health Hub, there is a source of high quality vaccines, clear origin, suitable for each age to be vaccinated, ensuring safety from inspection and preservation to putting into use.

For direct advice, please click hotline number or register online HERE. In addition, you can register for remote consultation HERE

Source: cdc.gov

SEE MORE:

  • Vaccines to be given to 6-month-old babies
  • Vaccines to be given to babies aged 1-2 months
  • Warning signs of meningitis in children

About: John Smith

b1ffdb54307529964874ff53a5c5de33?s=90&r=gI am the author of Share99.net. I had been working in Vinmec International General Hospital for over 10 years. I dedicate my passion on every post in this site.

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