Nasal bleeding emergency: What to know

Nose bleeding is a common accident that can be caused by many causes such as pathology, injuries with different levels of severe lightness. Accordingly, if the patient is not given emergency nose bleeding in time can seriously affect the health as well as quality of life later.

1. Causes of nose bleeding

The nasal mucosa has a dense capillary network, which floats very shallowly to perform the task of warming and moistening the air before entering the lungs. Therefore, just a minor injury such as a nose job or bump can cause nose bleeding. Some of the main causes of nose bleeds are:

  • Medical causes: Nose bleeds due to war-time and peace-time injuries such as knife wounds, labor accidents, traffic accidents, bullets …

Medical causes: Patients with a history of diseases such as: Hypertension, blood diseases, dengue, liver failure, chronic kidney failure can cause nose bleeding.

2. Levels of nose bleeding

There are 3 types of nose bleeds as follows:

  • Kisselbach vascular point bleeding;
  • Bleeding due to arterial damage;
  • Pervasive bleeding due to capillary lesions, blood leaking throughout the nasal mucosa, without certain points often appears in acute myeloid leukemias, bleeding-loving diseases, typosis, dengue.

Accordingly, based on the degree of nose bleeding, medical experts evaluate nose bleeding in 3 levels: mild, moderate and severe.

Beware of complications of nose bleeding with dengue

There are 3 types of nose bleeding

2.1. Mild nose bleeding

Symptoms of mild nose bleeding are usually caused by minor injuries such as nasal swings or diseases such as influenza, welding … However, in some healthy people it is possible to naturally suffer a nosebleed. Nasal endoscopy sees blood coming out of the vascular point or artery but not much, flows droplets in quantities less than 100ml and tends to hold itself. This type of nasal bleeding is often called nosebleeds and is common in children with a mild torse.

2.2. Moderate nose bleeding

Nasal bleeding is both a phenomenon of blood flowing into the out of the nostrils or down the throat, the amount of which is about 100 – 200ml. May be caused by capillary bleeding of the entire nasal mucosa.

2.3.Severe nose bleeding

Severe nasal bleeding is often caused by damage to the nasal arteries with patients with a history of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, cirrhosis of the liver … blood flowing into prolonged lines causes irritation, panic, pale blue lips, hypotension, blood loss of more than 200ml or in older patients with chronic diseases or injuries that cause stenary artery damage and often bleed hard to handle. In this case, the nasal examination is difficult because the point of discharge is usually above and at the back, but the amount of blood flows out a lot.

Hypotension

Loss of blood causes patient's blood pressure to drop sharply

3. Emergency nose bleeding

When meeting a patient who is experiencing a nosebleed, the first thing to do is to start the bleeding. It is possible to instruct the patient to sit bent forward to prevent blood from flowing into the throat. Accordingly, if there is a case of severe nose bleeding it is necessary to pay attention to the general condition of the patient by closely monitoring the vessels, measuring blood pressure.

3.1 Emergency minor nose bleeding

If the nose bleeds slightly from the vascular point, the emergency person uses two fingers to squeeze the wings of the nose and cut off the hand so that the Kisselbach point is squeezed back to stop the bleeding, avoiding the blood from continuing to flow. Next, use cotton impregnated with he stop solution such as 12-volume oxygen, ephedrin 1-3% inserted into the nostrils, pressed on the bleeding site .

3.2. Emergency nose bleeding

If the patient has a lot of nose bleeding it is necessary to use the following positive measures:

Method of pre-nasal meching

  • Tools: clar lamp, elbow felt, nose opener, tongue press, 1.5cm wide wick 40cm long, glove finger.
  • Drugs: Paraphin oil, 6% cocaine anesthetic, rubber bag (capôt or glove finger).

How to do it: First, it is necessary to instruct the patient to blow out all the blood in the nose, and put in the nose a 10cm-long cocaine-permeable wick, which has an analgesic, contraction effect during the procedure. After about 3 minutes, doctors can withdraw the cocaine wick, using a tool to open the nostrils widening the nostrils close to the inside of the nasal cavity to see if the patient has a septum crest or septum crooks for the purpose of carrying out the procedure without poking the nose, avoiding the condition that causes the patient to have additional nose bleeding. Next count, pump antibiotic grease or paraphin oil into the nasal cavity and then insert the rubber bag to open the nose, continue to put the rubber bag in the nose. Insert the wick into the nasal cavity with a 6-8cm deep opening, continue to insert the wicket into the nasal cavity, starting at the top of the back and then in the front, outwards to the nasal door. The wick is arranged in a chi-shaped shape. While stuffing the nasal wick should be tightly tucked so that the distance dies. Checking the back of the throat without blood flowing down the throat is required.

Nasal septum scoliosis

Method of pre-nasal meching

It is not recommended to leave the wicket for more than 48 hours but to proceed to the withdrawal of the wicket, however when removing the wicket the need to slowly withdraw with the position of lying on the side, Y or the doctor pulls the wicket out slowly, paragraph by paragraph, each segment no more than 5 cm, after each 5-minute pause, both withdraw and drop old oxygen into the nose. Draw the wicket between 20 and 30 minutes.

Method of placing the back nose sesameche

If in the case of patients with nose bleeds due to damage to the back and upper of the nasal cavity or have placed the nasal sesame first but not effectively, the procedure of posteriening nasal sesame is required.

  • Tools: In addition to the tools used for pre-nasal meche, when performing the back nose meche, there should be a small rubber Nelaton tube, a cylindrical gauze about 3cm in diameter tied to a firm thread 25cm long, a second gauze that is cylindrical but less than 1cm in diameter.
  • How to: Place the Nelaton tube in the patient's nostrils on the bleeding side pushing the tube down the throat. Instruct the patient to open their mouths and remove Nelaton's head pliers from their mouths. Tie one end of the gauze only to the end of the Nelaton tube. Pull the Nelaton tube backwards from the throat to the nose. The antlers are pulled upside down from the throat by the thread onto the nasopharynx and the back door. When the antlers passing through the waist of the screen are often entangled, the doctor can use the right index finger to push the gauze upwards and backwards to overcome the narrow waist. The left hand continues to hold the Nelaton thread pipe pulled forward. Finally removing the thread from the rubber hose and fastening it to the second gauze lump, which sealed the front nostrils.

If the back nose and nasal meche are placed first but there is still nasal bleeding, it is necessary to force the internal jaw artery in the jaw butterfly leg pit or tighten the pre-sieve artery and the rear sieve on the internal shore of the eye socket.

artery

Arteries should be tightened if blood is still flowing

During treatment, patients with nosebleeds should be rested, lying on their heads in a high direction to breathe and spit out blood. Make an infusion if the patient has a vascular failure, hypotension. Blood transfusions can be given if Hb is less than 50% but it is best to transmit small doses of fresh blood in several doses. Take corticoid drugs such as intravenous depersolone in bleeding, if there are no contraincularizations. In addition, take antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections and take coaalysis drugs to sustainably increase the vessel formation, reduce the time of bleeding or directly coaint, such as vitamin K …

Share99 International Health Hub is a general hospital with the function of examining and treating ear and nose and throat diseases and many other diseases. At Share99, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment has also been carried out using modern medical methods with ear and nose and throat diseases, not only bringing high efficiency but also minimizeing complications of recurrent diseases. On the other hand, in order to improve the quality of service, Share99 is now fully equipped with modern facilities, examination and treatment procedures carried out by a team of professional and experienced doctors that will bring optimal disease treatment results to customers.

To register for medical examination and treatment at Share99 International Health Hub, you can contact Share99 Health System nationwide, or register for an online examination HERE.

SEE MORE:

  • What are the frequent signs of nasal bleeding?
  • Is allergic rhinitis in children curable?
  • Avoid choking if you have a nosebleed when sleeping

About: John Smith

b1ffdb54307529964874ff53a5c5de33?s=90&r=gI am the author of Share99.net. I had been working in Vinmec International General Hospital for over 10 years. I dedicate my passion on every post in this site.

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