Tests to be done in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus should be based on subclinical tests, including the following basic tests: starvation blood glucose tests, randomized blood glucose tests, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1C.

1. Diabetes overview

Diabetes mellitus or diabetes is a chemical disorder associated with the consumption and use of sugar in the body. In normal humans, the pancreas, an in-abdominal body, secretes insulin hormones that help the body use and store sugar from food. Diabetes mellitus occurs when one of the following abnormalities appears:

  • The pancreas does not produce insulin hormones or produces very small amounts that are not enough to convert sugar in food;
  • The body no longer responds to the effects of insulin. This condition is called insulin resistance.

In both of the above cases, insulin does not guarantee the conversion and use of sugar causes the blood sugar level to rise in the blood. High sugar levels for a long time cause various complications for many bodies in the body.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease for a long time. Approximately more than 18 million Americans have diabetes and a third of them are undiagnosed. About 41 million people suffer from pre-diabetes syndrome. Currently there is no complete cure, diabetics need to manage their diseases to have a healthy life.

Diabetes

Diabetes complications cause foot ulcers

2. Diagnosis of diabetes

People with diabetes often have suggestive clinical manifestations such as eating a lot, drinking a lot, urinating a lot, and unsymed weight loss. These symptoms are special symptoms that do not have to appear in all patients with diabetes, and they are also often nons specific to diagnose the disease. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus often appear clinical symptoms suddenly, and patients are more likely to feel tired. However, the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have no clinical manifestations or other nons specific suggestive symptoms such as long-term wound healing, weight gain, hand and leg deformity. Establishing a diabetes diagnosis should primarily rely on subclinical tests, including: hunger blood glucose testing, oral glucose tolerance tests, randomized blood glucose tests, and HbA1C. More specifically, according to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes is determined when a person has one of the following four criteria:

  • Blood glucose levels at hunger >= 126 mg/dL;
  • Take oral glucose tolerance test, measure blood glucose levels at 2 hours >= 200 mg/dL;
  • Dosing HbA1C > = 6.5%;
  • Blood glucose levels at any time > = 200 mg/dL and have typical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus such as eating a lot, drinking a lot, urinating a lot, losing a lot of weight for unknown reasons.

diabetes

Diagnosis of diabetes through blood tests

In addition, a patient diagnosed with diabetes also needs to survey complications on other bodies in the body such as kidneys, blood vessels, cardiovascular, neurological, eye,… Tests that help detect complications of diabetes include: perineal screening, ure test, blood creatinine, liver function, 10 urine parameters, bilan lipid components in the blood such as triglycerid, LDL – cholesterol, HDL – cholesterol.

3. Tests to be done in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), to diagnose a case of diabetes mellitus requires the following basic tests:

  • Fasting glucose plasma test: Hungry blood glucose is the amount of glucose that is quantities after fasting for at least 8 hours. In fact, patients are often advised to perform tests in the early morning, when nothing has been eaten. The time after fasting at least 8 hours is chosen as the ideal time to diagnose diabetes mellitus because at this time, in ordinary patients, blood glucose levels will decrease when the body is no longer supplied with energy from the outside; High patient glucose levels at this time are evidence of glucose metabolism disorders in the body. The normal value of this test is < 100 mg/dL. People with diabetes mellitus have a high concentration of hungry blood glucose >= 126 mg/dL. Those with results between 100 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL were concluded to have pre-diabetes or blood glucose tolerance disorder, which may be scheduled for a second re-test;
  • Oral glucose tolerance test: Patients are required to fast for at least 8 hours, then drink slowly about 200mL of water that has been reconciled with 75g of glucose. The patient is tested at two times, before the test and 2 hours after taking 75g of sugar. The normal value of a 2-hour blood glucose test is < 140mg/dL. When this is above 200 mg/dL, the patient will be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus;

Oral glucose tolerance

Oral glucose tolerance test
  • HbA1C dosing test: HbA1C is a specification that reflects average blood sugar levels in the last 3 months. HbA1C plays a role in evaluatig the amount of glucose attached to red blood cells in the patient's blood. This is a test commonly in place for diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. HbA1C testing must be performed in laboratories of international standards. The HbA1C value in the average person is < 5,7%. When HbA1C > 6.4%, the person was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

These are the three most basic tests that are usually done clinically when they want to diagnose diabetes mellitus. In patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, if there is a blood glucose tester at home, they can perform a blood glucose test themselves to monitor and adjust their diet, nutrition as well as treatment plan in a reasonable way. Blood glucose tests should be carried out at times: before breakfast, before lunch, before dinner, before going to bed. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus should have a blood glucose test about 2 to 4 times a day. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus do not need regular monitoring such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, blood glucose tests should be done every 2 to 3 times a week.

Laboratory

Tests to be carried out at medical facilities equipped with modern machinery

At Share99 National Health Hub, we are currently implementing a diabetes screening package, dyslerdemia to help detect pre-diabetes early, accurately categorise diabetes type, build nutrition, monitor and minimize risks and complications caused by diabetes.

Customers can directly go to Share99 Health System nationwide for examination or contact the hotline HERE for assistance.

SEE MORE:

  • What is the blood glucose index of the average person?
  • What is oral glucose tolerance test?
  • 3 steps to blood glucose measurement when performing oral glucose tolerance test

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SEE MORE:

  • What is the blood glucose index of the average person?
  • The role of glucagon hormones regulating blood sugar (Glucose) levels
  • BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, Triglycerid indicators in normal people

About: John Smith

b1ffdb54307529964874ff53a5c5de33?s=90&r=gI am the author of Share99.net. I had been working in Vinmec International General Hospital for over 10 years. I dedicate my passion on every post in this site.

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