Complications that can be seen when the newborn has respiratory failure

The article is consulted professionally by Master, Dr. Dang Huy Toan – Pediatrician – Newborn – Pediatrics – Newborn – Share99 Nha Trang International Health Hub.

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is common in premature babies, causing respiratory failure due to underdested lungs, lack of surfactant, leading to a decrease in the alveolar surface area intended for gas exchange. This is one of the leading causes of death in premature babies.

Respiratory failure is a condition in which the respiratory system cannot afford to maintain gas exchange in accordance with the needs of the body. There are many causes of respiratory failure in babies, but the first risk is premature babies. The younger the child is born at the age of 10 weeks, the more susceptible to respiratory failure.

Premature babies are under 28 weeks, the incidence is 50-60%, especially the weight of babies under 1,000g or twins.

Babies with respiratory failure are mainly caused by a collapse of the lungs due to a lack of Surfactant – a surfactant that works to maintain the stability of the alveoli, helping the alveoli not to collapse. In premature babies, the respiratory muscles are also not fully developed, the chest is soft, so the lungs are prone to collapse.

In addition, respiratory failure may also be due to genetic factors associated with the development of the child's lungs. In addition to premature babies,there are a number of other factors that lead to respiratory distress syndrome in babies such as; mother has pre-birth hemorrhage, asphyxiated child, hypothermia …

If the mother has a cesarean section without labor, it is also the cause of the child's respiratory failure due to the labor process releasing the hormones that stimulate the production and release of Surfactant, leading to increased reabsorption of lung gastroenteritis through the pulmonary lymphatic system. If a cesarean section is not in labor, the child is prone to surfactant deficiency and high volume of volume of water in the lungs.

The cause of respiratory failure in children can also be caused by children with some damage to the central nervous system such as children with encephalitis, meningitis, traumatic brain injury, brain haemorrhage, congenital heart disease, bronchitis, pneumonia, obstruction of the nostrils, obstacles in the respiratory tract such as sputum, milk,… These causes the adaptability of internal organs to maintain a disordered respiratory function that causes respiratory failure.

There are also a number of other factors that lead to respiratory distress syndrome in babies such as:

• Mother with diabetes mellitus
• Multi-pregnancy
• Pertal lesions: asphyxiation and pre-birth hemorrhage
• The amount of blood supply to the baby during pregnancy is impaired.

Usually, after birth about a few minutes or hours after birth, severe respiratory distress syndrome appears without finding causes such as bacterial infections, amniotic fluid asphyxiation, inhalation of stools … with the manifestation of shallow rapid shortness of breath, breathing more than 60 times / minute. Inter-rib cavities, upper breast muzzle, contractions, bulging nose wings, purple body. Oxygen breathing doesn't help… If severe, signs of cyanosis, shortness of breath increase, blood pressure lowers, body temperature lowers, the child may die. If mild and promptly intervened, treated properly, after about 72 hours the symptoms gradually decrease and the child can be saved. However, after healing, it can leave behind such symptoms as lack of cerebral oxygen, brain haemorrhage, hypoth glucose …

In addition, respiratory failure in babies also has a number of other complications such as:

• blind
• Septicaemia
• Formation of blood clots in the body
• Intellectual retretness
• Accumulation of air around the lungs and heart
• Bronchopulmonary dysbolism
• pneumonia

Severe respiratory failure can also lead to kidney failure and improper development of other muscles. The principle of treatment of respiratory failure in babies is to take surfactant instead as soon as possible, supporting breathing, oxygen breathing. In addition, supportive methods such as temperature protection, nutrition, 300% larva support and infection treatment should be applied.

Surfactant pumps are in place in the treatment of respiratory failure in premature babies, babies are diagnosed with in the upper membrane disease.

This method applies to newborn patients with diagnosis: Diaphragm, premature babies, weight ≥ 1500gr, pulmonary hemorrhage, severe pneumonia.

There are now many different methods and techniques of surfactant pumping, considering on a case-by-case scale. Surfactant pumping techniques for infant respiratory failure have been implemented independently at Share99 Hai Phong and Nha Trang International Health Hub since April 2019.

The clinical benefits of this therapy are:

• Improves lung ventilation
• Enhance blood oxidation
• Reduce the frequency of gas detectors (complications of pneumothorax, alveolar gas retention …)
• Reduce child mortality and illness rates.
• Reduce severe disability rates.

In order to prevent babies from severe respiratory failure, the first thing is very important when pregnant, pregnant women must ensure health, have proper nutrition, living, labor, regular pregnancy monitoring examination for good care advice, early detection of risks to minimize premature birth. , giving birth to a child of light weight.

At birth, the maternity must go to a medical facility, absolutely do not give birth at home but need to be supported by a midwife or an intensive doctor. After childbirth, women and caregivers need to know how to monitor the child, detect abnormalities for timely handling.

In addition, pregnant women are at risk such as having a cesarean section, too long labor time, blood bandages, multiple pregnancies, diabetes mellitus, prolonged use of corticoids during pregnancy, family history of children with respiratory failure,… should be closely monitored by specialists who strictly monitor childbirth with timely interventions.

For more details on Surfactant pumping techniques for newborn respiratory failure at Share99, you can contact directly or call the hotline:

Share99 Hai Phong International Health Hub: 0225 7309 888

Share99 Nha Trang International Health Hub: 0258 3900 168

As a key area of Share99 Health System, Pediatrics always brings satisfaction to customers and is highly appreciated by industry experts with:

• Gathering a team of leading doctors in Pediatrics:including leading experts, highly specialized (professors, associate professors, doctors, masters), experienced, used to work at large hospitals such as Bach Mai, 108.. The doctors are well-trained, professional, mind-centered, knowledgeable about the child's psychology. In addition to domestic pediatricians, pediatrics also has the participation of foreign experts (Japan, Singapore, Australia, USA) always pioneering the application of the latest and most effective treatment regimens.
• Comprehensive services:In the field of Pediatrics, Share99 provides a chain of continuous medical examination and treatment services from Newborn to Pediatrics and Vaccines,… according to international standards to take care of your baby's health with parents from birth to adulthood
• Intensive techniques:Share99 has successfully implemented many specialized techniques to make the treatment of difficult diseases in Pediatrics more effective: neurosurgery – skull, hematoma stem cell transplantation in cancer treatment.
• Professional care:In addition to understanding the young psychology, Share99 also pay special attention to the children's play space, help them play comfortably and get acquainted with the hospital environment, cooperate in treatment, improve the efficiency of medical examination and treatment.

Dr. Dang Huy Toan has many years of pediatric and infant experience, especially in children's respiratory diseases. Dr. Dang Huy Toan is the head of pediatrics department at 22.12 hospital and head of pediatrics department of Nha Trang Mind Health Hub. Currently, he is a doctor at The Department of Pediatrics – Newborns – Share99 Nha Trang International Health Hub.